SEKOLAHSMA

Great Athletes (Descriptive Text on Athletes)

Bahasa Inggris SMA · Kelas 10 · Fase E

BSE Work in Progress Chapter 1 (Semester 1, Theme: Sports). Memproduksi teks deskriptif lisan dan tulis multimodal tentang great athletes sesuai konteks dan tujuan. Generic structure descriptive text: identification (introduces athlete), description (physical features, achievements, character). Language features: simple present tense, attributive verbs (is, has), descriptive adjectives, sensory language. Tokoh atlet Indonesia kanonik untuk passage K3: Susi Susanti (badminton AG 1992), Eko Yuli Irawan (angkat besi Olympic Tokyo 2020 silver), Greysia Polii (badminton ganda putri Olympic Tokyo 2020 gold), Bambang Pamungkas (sepak bola Timnas), Rifda Irfanaluthfi (gimnastik).

Konsep kunci yang dipelajari

  • generic structure: identification, description
  • tense: simple present tense (consistent throughout)
  • attributive verbs: is, are, has, have, looks, seems
  • descriptive adjectives: physical features, character traits, achievements
  • tokoh atlet ID: Susi Susanti, Eko Yuli Irawan, Greysia Polii, Bambang Pamungkas
  • bridge advokat: UU 11/2022 Keolahragaan Pasal 86 (hak atlet) + UU 28/2014 Hak Cipta (publicity rights)

Contoh soal Great Athletes (Descriptive Text on Athletes) dan pembahasannya

5 soal pilihan ganda berikut diambil dari bank soal SekolahSMA, lengkap dengan pembahasan langkah demi langkah. Coba kerjakan dulu sebelum membaca pembahasannya.

SOAL 1

What is the main communicative purpose of a DESCRIPTIVE TEXT?

  1. A. To describe a specific person, place, animal, or object in detail so the reader can imagine it ✓ Jawaban benar
  2. B. To tell a story with characters, complications, and resolutions over a period of time
  3. C. To give step-by-step instructions on how to perform an action or make something
  4. D. To argue a point of view supported by facts and evidence to convince the reader
  5. E. To inform readers about general phenomena or categories observed in nature or society
Pembahasan

Konsep: Setiap jenis teks memiliki tujuan komunikatif (communicative purpose) yang berbeda. Descriptive text bertujuan menggambarkan objek spesifik secara detail agar pembaca dapat membayangkannya. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: DESCRIPTIVE = D-DETAIL + E-EXACT (specific) + S-STATIC (kondisi tetap). Steps: (1) Identify the context, communicative purpose, and perspective of the passage (2) Analyze the implied meaning, main idea, or author's intent from textual evidence (3) Draw a conclusion supported by specific words or phrases in the text Correct answer: A -- DESCRIPTIVE TEXT bertujuan MENGGAMBARKAN (TO DESCRIBE) ciri-ciri spesifik objek secara detail agar pembaca seolah dapat MELIHAT/MEMBAYANGKAN objek tersebut. Pilihan B = NARRATIVE (cerita dengan plot). Why other options are wrong: - B: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (To tell a story with characters, complications, an...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (To give step-by-step instructions on how to perfor...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (To argue a point of view supported by facts and ev...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (To inform readers about general phenomena or categ...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: DESCRIPTIVE = D-DETAIL + E-EXACT (specific) + S-STATIC (kondisi tetap). Kalau ada kata 'a specific person/place/thing' dalam pertanyaan = DESCRIPTIVE. Kalau 'general' = REPORT. Opsi A benar karena tujuan utama descriptive text adalah TO DESCRIBE -- mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri spesifik satu objek tertentu (orang, tempat, hewan, atau benda) secara rinci. Kata kunci 'specific' dan 'so the reader can imagine it' selaras sempurna dengan definisi baku descriptive text dalam kurikulum SMA. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - B: Opsi B mendeskripsikan tujuan NARRATIVE TEXT yang menceritakan kisah dengan alur (plot), tokoh, dan resolusi -- bukan descriptive text. - C: Opsi C adalah tujuan PROCEDURE TEXT yang memberikan instruksi langkah demi langkah untuk melakukan sesuatu. - D: Opsi D adalah tujuan ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION atau ARGUMENTATIVE TEXT yang bertujuan meyakinkan pembaca dengan argumen dan bukti. - E: Opsi E adalah tujuan REPORT TEXT yang menginformasikan fenomena umum atau kategori, bukan objek spesifik tunggal. Tips: DESCRIPTIVE = D-DETAIL + E-EXACT (specific) + S-STATIC (kondisi tetap). Kalau ada kata 'a specific person/place/thing' dalam pertanyaan = DESCRIPTIVE. Kalau 'general' = REPORT.

SOAL 2

The GENERIC STRUCTURE of a descriptive text consists of two main parts. They are...

  1. A. Orientation and Re-orientation, separated by a series of chronological events
  2. B. Thesis and Arguments, supported by evidence to convince the reader of a position
  3. C. Identification and Description, where identification introduces and description gives details ✓ Jawaban benar
  4. D. Goal and Steps, presented in a numbered or bulleted sequence of actions
  5. E. General Classification and Description of Class, covering categories of similar things
Pembahasan

Konsep: Generic structure (struktur generik) adalah susunan bagian wajib sebuah jenis teks. Descriptive text memiliki dua bagian wajib: Identification dan Description. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Descriptive = ID + D (Identification + Description). Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: C -- Generic structure descriptive text = (1) IDENTIFICATION - pembuka yang memperkenalkan WHO/WHAT yang dideskripsikan, biasanya 1-2 kalimat dengan nama+identitas+keunikan utama. (2) DESCRIPTION - isi inti dengan ciri-ciri detail (physical, achievement, character). Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (Orientation and Re-orientation, separated by a ser...) does not match the text evidence. - B: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (Thesis and Arguments, supported by evidence to con...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (Goal and Steps, presented in a numbered or bullete...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (General Classification and Description of Class, c...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Descriptive = ID + D (Identification + Description). Mnemonic: 'I-D the subject, then Describe it.' Kalau ada lebih dari 2 part wajib (orientation, events, re-orientation) = bukan descriptive. Opsi C tepat karena sesuai struktur baku descriptive text dalam kurikulum: (1) IDENTIFICATION -- kalimat pembuka yang memperkenalkan objek spesifik beserta identitas dan keunikan utamanya; (2) DESCRIPTION -- paragraf isi yang menguraikan ciri-ciri detail objek tersebut secara sistematis. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Opsi A adalah struktur RECOUNT TEXT yang terdiri dari Orientation, Events (serangkaian kejadian kronologis), dan Re-orientation. - B: Opsi B adalah struktur ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION atau HORTATORY EXPOSITION yang menggunakan Thesis, Arguments, dan Reiteration. - D: Opsi D adalah struktur PROCEDURE TEXT yang diawali Goal (tujuan), diikuti Materials, lalu Steps (langkah-langkah). - E: Opsi E adalah struktur REPORT TEXT yang dimulai dengan General Classification, bukan Identification objek spesifik. Tips: Descriptive = ID + D (Identification + Description). Mnemonic: 'I-D the subject, then Describe it.' Kalau ada lebih dari 2 part wajib (orientation, events, re-orientation) = bukan descriptive.

SOAL 3

Which sentence is the BEST example of an IDENTIFICATION in a descriptive text about an athlete?

  1. A. First, he was born in Tasikmalaya in 1971. Then he started training at age six. After that, he won many tournaments.
  2. B. If you train hard every day and never give up, you can become a champion just like the great Indonesian athletes.
  3. C. Susi Susanti is the most iconic Indonesian female badminton player and the first Indonesian woman to win an Olympic gold medal. ✓ Jawaban benar
  4. D. Indonesian athletes have made the country proud in many international sports events such as Olympics and SEA Games.
  5. E. To prepare for a badminton match, you should warm up, stretch your muscles, and check your equipment carefully.
Pembahasan

Konsep: Identification adalah bagian pembuka descriptive text yang memperkenalkan objek spesifik. Kalimat Identification yang baik mengandung tiga unsur: Nama, Identitas, dan Keunikan utama (NIK). Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Identification = NIK (Nama, Identitas, Keunikan). Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: C -- IDENTIFICATION yang baik = NAMA + IDENTITAS + KEUNIKAN UTAMA dalam 1-2 kalimat. Pilihan C memenuhi semua: 'Susi Susanti' (nama) + 'Indonesian female badminton player' (identitas) + 'first Indonesian woman to win Olympic gold' (keunikan). Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (First, he was born in Tasikmalaya in 1971. Then he...) does not match the text evidence. - B: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (If you train hard every day and never give up, you...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (Indonesian athletes have made the country proud in...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (To prepare for a badminton match, you should warm ...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Identification = NIK (Nama, Identitas, Keunikan). Kalau ada 'first', 'then', 'after that' = recount, bukan identification. Kalau objeknya jamak/umum = report, bukan descriptive. Opsi C adalah Identification sempurna karena memenuhi formula NIK: 'Susi Susanti' (Nama) + 'the most iconic Indonesian female badminton player' (Identitas) + 'the first Indonesian woman to win an Olympic gold medal' (Keunikan). Kalimat ini memperkenalkan objek spesifik dengan detail yang khas dan berkesan. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Opsi A menggunakan penanda urutan waktu 'First... Then... After that' yang merupakan ciri khas RECOUNT TEXT, bukan bagian Identification descriptive text. - B: Opsi B adalah kalimat persuasif yang ditujukan kepada pembaca (imperatif tidak langsung), bukan kalimat yang memperkenalkan objek -- lebih cocok untuk teks hortatory exposition. - D: Opsi D menyebut 'Indonesian athletes' secara jamak dan umum, sehingga ini bukan Identification objek spesifik melainkan pembuka teks report atau artikel umum. - E: Opsi E berisi instruksi langkah persiapan pertandingan, yang merupakan bagian dari PROCEDURE TEXT, bukan Identification descriptive text. Tips: Identification = NIK (Nama, Identitas, Keunikan). Kalau ada 'first', 'then', 'after that' = recount, bukan identification. Kalau objeknya jamak/umum = report, bukan descriptive.

SOAL 4

Which tense is MOST COMMONLY used in descriptive text to describe permanent characteristics of a person?

  1. A. Past Continuous Tense (was/were + V-ing) for describing ongoing actions in the past
  2. B. Future Tense (will + V1) for describing what someone will do in the future
  3. C. Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) for describing actions completed before another past action
  4. D. Simple Present Tense (V1/V1-s) for describing permanent traits and habitual characteristics ✓ Jawaban benar
  5. E. Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are + V-ing) for describing actions happening right now
Pembahasan

Konsep: Descriptive text menggunakan Simple Present Tense sebagai tense utama karena teks ini menggambarkan kondisi atau ciri-ciri yang bersifat tetap (permanent) dan tidak berubah-ubah. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: SIMPLE PRESENT = SAAT INI MENETAP. Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: D -- SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE adalah tense default descriptive text karena menggambarkan ciri-ciri MENETAP atau KEBIASAAN saat ini. Contoh: 'Eko Yuli IS 156 cm tall', 'Greysia HAS sharp focused eyes', 'Bambang POSSESSES powerful header technique'. Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (Past Continuous Tense (was/were + V-ing) for descr...) does not match the text evidence. - B: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (Future Tense (will + V1) for describing what someo...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) for describing actio...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are + V-ing) for d...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: SIMPLE PRESENT = SAAT INI MENETAP. Kalau ngomongin tinggi, berat, ciri fisik, sifat = pakai is/has/V1. Pengecualian: atlet pensiun + masa lampau -> past. Atlet hidup + total karir -> present perfect (has won). Opsi D benar karena Simple Present Tense (V1/V1-s) digunakan untuk fakta umum, keadaan tetap, dan ciri khas yang berlaku sekarang -- misalnya 'Eko Yuli is 156 cm tall' atau 'Greysia has sharp focused eyes'. Kata kunci soal 'permanent characteristics' langsung mengarah pada Simple Present. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing) menggambarkan aksi yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau -- tidak cocok untuk ciri permanen seseorang. - B: Future Tense (will + V1) menyatakan rencana atau prediksi di masa depan, bukan ciri atau keadaan yang ada sekarang. - C: Past Perfect (had + V3) dipakai untuk aksi yang telah selesai sebelum aksi lain di masa lampau -- terlalu kompleks dan tidak relevan untuk deskripsi ciri tetap. - E: Present Continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) menggambarkan aksi yang sedang terjadi saat ini (sementara), bukan kondisi permanen. Tips: SIMPLE PRESENT = SAAT INI MENETAP. Kalau ngomongin tinggi, berat, ciri fisik, sifat = pakai is/has/V1. Pengecualian: atlet pensiun + masa lampau -> past. Atlet hidup + total karir -> present perfect (has won).

SOAL 5

Look at this sentence: 'Bambang Pamungkas POSSESSES exceptional aerial ability and powerful header technique.' The bolded word POSSESSES is an example of...

  1. A. An action verb describing a dynamic activity in motion, like running or jumping
  2. B. A phrasal verb composed of a verb and a preposition working together as one unit
  3. C. A modal verb expressing ability, possibility, or obligation in a sentence
  4. D. A linking verb that connects the subject to a noun complement, like 'is' or 'become'
  5. E. An attributive verb that functions like 'has' to assign characteristics or qualities ✓ Jawaban benar
Pembahasan

Konsep: Attributive verb adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi seperti 'have/has' untuk menyematkan ciri, kualitas, atau atribut kepada subjek. Kata kerja ini sangat umum digunakan dalam descriptive text untuk menghindari pengulangan kata 'has'. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Attributive verbs = ALTERNATIF HAS. Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: E -- POSSESS adalah ATTRIBUTIVE VERB - setara fungsi dengan HAVE/HAS, dipakai untuk MEMBERIKAN ciri/kualitas pada subjek. Contoh attributive verbs: BE, HAVE, POSSESS, FEATURE, BOAST, EXHIBIT. Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (An action verb describing a dynamic activity in mo...) does not match the text evidence. - B: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (A phrasal verb composed of a verb and a prepositio...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (A modal verb expressing ability, possibility, or o...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (A linking verb that connects the subject to a noun...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Attributive verbs = ALTERNATIF HAS. Daftar penting: HAVE, POSSESS, FEATURE, BOAST, EXHIBIT. Kalau bisa diganti dengan 'has' tanpa mengubah makna, itu attributive verb. 'Bambang POSSESSES = Bambang HAS' ✓. Opsi E benar karena POSSESSES berfungsi tepat seperti 'has' -- kata ini menyematkan kualitas ('exceptional aerial ability') kepada subjek (Bambang Pamungkas). Kita bisa membuktikannya dengan substitusi: 'Bambang Pamungkas HAS exceptional aerial ability' -- maknanya tidak berubah, sehingga POSSESSES adalah attributive verb. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Action verb menggambarkan aktivitas fisik yang bergerak dan dinamis (lari, melompat, menendang) -- POSSESS tidak menggambarkan gerakan fisik apapun. - B: Phrasal verb terdiri dari kata kerja + preposisi atau partikel (contoh: give up, look after) -- POSSESSES adalah kata kerja tunggal tanpa preposisi. - C: Modal verb adalah kata bantu seperti can, must, should, may -- POSSESSES bukan kata bantu dan tidak mengekspresikan modalitas. - D: Linking verb menghubungkan subjek dengan noun complement atau adjective complement via 'is/are/become/seem' -- POSSESSES diikuti noun phrase sebagai objek, bukan sebagai pelengkap predikat. Tips: Attributive verbs = ALTERNATIF HAS. Daftar penting: HAVE, POSSESS, FEATURE, BOAST, EXHIBIT. Kalau bisa diganti dengan 'has' tanpa mengubah makna, itu attributive verb. 'Bambang POSSESSES = Bambang HAS' ✓.

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