SEKOLAHSMA

Discussion Text: Carbon Footprints (Climate Change)

Bahasa Inggris SMA · Kelas 12 · Fase F

BSE Life Today Unit 4 (Theme: Carbon Footprints). Memahami discussion text 'Do we need to stop eating meat?', infographic & video tentang carbon footprint, options to reduce carbon footprint. Menulis discussion text + group presentation. Discussion text presents BALANCED view (pros AND cons). Real-world ID: Persetujuan Paris ratifikasi UU 16/2016, Net Zero Emission target Indonesia 2060, Enhanced NDC 2022 Indonesia, COP28 Dubai Desember 2023, deforestasi Indonesia 119 ribu hektar 2022 (Auriga Nusantara), karhutla Riau-Kalsel-Sumsel berulang.

Konsep kunci yang dipelajari

  • discussion structure: issue, arguments for, arguments against, conclusion
  • vs exposition: discussion BALANCED (both sides), exposition ONE-sided
  • generic participants + simple present tense (general claims)
  • thinking verbs: believe, think, argue, claim, suggest
  • modality: may, might, could, should (for tentative claims)
  • contrastive conjunctions: however, on the other hand, conversely, while
  • passive voice: 'Carbon emissions are produced by...' (objective tone)
  • real-world ID: Persetujuan Paris UU 16/2016, NZE 2060 Indonesia, COP28, deforestasi Auriga Nusantara
  • bridge advokat: UU 16/2016 ratifikasi Persetujuan Paris + UU 32/2009 PPLH

Contoh soal Discussion Text: Carbon Footprints (Climate Change) dan pembahasannya

5 soal pilihan ganda berikut diambil dari bank soal SekolahSMA, lengkap dengan pembahasan langkah demi langkah. Coba kerjakan dulu sebelum membaca pembahasannya.

SOAL 1

Based on BSE 'Bahasa Inggris: Life Today untuk SMA/MA Kelas XII' Unit 4 'Carbon Footprints' (Susanti Retno Hardini dkk, ISBN 978-602-427-945-5 jil.3, Cetakan Pertama Desember 2022), the main writing genre that students must produce by the end of the unit is best identified as which type?

  1. A. Discussion text -- a balanced two-sided essay: issue, arguments for and against, then a conclusion weighing both sides ✓ Jawaban benar
  2. B. Hortatory exposition -- a persuasive essay that ends with a recommendation urging readers to take immediate climate action
  3. C. Argumentative exposition -- a one-sided persuasive essay that defends a single thesis with arguments and a reiteration
  4. D. Narrative text -- a story of a person whose life changed because of climate change, in stages of orientation-complication-resolution
  5. E. Procedure text -- sequential instructions on how to calculate one's individual carbon footprint step by step
Pembahasan

Konsep: Identifikasi genre output utama BSE 'Life Today' Kelas XII Unit 4 'Carbon Footprints', yaitu discussion text: esai dua sisi yang seimbang (arguments for + against) lalu kesimpulan. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Discussion vs Argumentative/Hortatory: discussion wajib menyajikan kedua sisi (for AND against), argumentative dan hortatory hanya satu sisi. Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: A -- BSE 'Life Today' Kelas XII Unit 4 'Carbon Footprints' menargetkan discussion text sebagai genre output utama. Discussion text adalah balanced two-sided exposition -- berbeda dari hortatory (one-sided action-call) maupun argumentative (one-sided position-defence). Why other options are wrong: - B: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (Hortatory exposition -- a persuasive essay that en...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (Argumentative exposition -- a one-sided persuasive...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (Narrative text -- a story of a person whose life c...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (Procedure text -- sequential instructions on how t...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Discussion vs Argumentative/Hortatory: discussion wajib menyajikan kedua sisi (for AND against), argumentative dan hortatory hanya satu sisi. Kalau soal minta 'balanced two-sided', selalu discussion. Cue word: however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless, in contrast = signal discussion. A tepat karena Unit 4 menargetkan discussion text, yakni balanced two-sided exposition (menyajikan kedua sisi sebelum simpulan), ditandai konjungsi kontras (however, on the other hand) dan present tense. Mengapa opsi lain salah: - B: Hortatory exposition hanya satu sisi dan diakhiri rekomendasi/ajakan bertindak, bukan penyajian dua sisi yang seimbang. - C: Argumentative exposition juga satu sisi: membela satu tesis lalu reiterasi, tidak menimbang sisi lawan. - D: Narrative text bercerita dengan struktur orientation-complication-resolution, bukan esai berargumen. - E: Procedure text berisi langkah-langkah berurutan, bukan esai berargumen dua sisi. Tips: Discussion vs Argumentative/Hortatory: discussion wajib menyajikan kedua sisi (for AND against), argumentative dan hortatory hanya satu sisi. Kalau soal minta 'balanced two-sided', selalu discussion. Cue word: however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless, in contrast = signal discussion. Rincian jawaban A: Discussion text -- a balanced two-sided essay that presents an issue, then arguments for and arguments against with supporting evidence, and finally a conclusion that weighs both sides; characterised by general nouns, conjunctions of contrast (*however, on the other hand, conversely*), modal auxiliaries, and present tense

SOAL 2

Read the sentence: "Reducing your carbon footprint is one of the most direct ways an individual can contribute to slowing climate change." The phrase carbon footprint in the sentence is most accurately defined as which of the following?

  1. A. The literal mark left by a charcoal-soled shoe after walking through fresh white snow on a winter morning
  2. B. The total greenhouse gases, in tonnes of CO2-equivalent, emitted directly or indirectly by a person or organisation ✓ Jawaban benar
  3. C. The geographic territory in square kilometres covered by industrial facilities that release smoke into the atmosphere
  4. D. The financial cost in Indonesian rupiah of installing solar panels on a residential rooftop
  5. E. The number of internet searches a person performs each day on energy-related topics
Pembahasan

Konsep: Makna istilah carbon footprint sebagai konsep sains lingkungan: total emisi gas rumah kaca, bukan tapak kaki literal. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Hati-hati metaphor literal vs scientific: footprint dalam sains lingkungan = jumlah dampak (dalam satuan terukur), bukan tapak kaki literal. Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: B -- Carbon footprint = total emisi gas rumah kaca (greenhouse gases) yang dihasilkan langsung atau tidak langsung oleh aktivitas individu/rumah tangga/organisasi/produk dalam periode tertentu. Diukur dalam tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (tCO₂e) untuk mengkonversi semua GHG (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFC) ke satuan setara karbon dioksida. Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (The literal mark left by a charcoal-soled shoe aft...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (The geographic territory in square kilometres cove...) does not match the text evidence. - D: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (The financial cost in Indonesian rupiah of install...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (The number of internet searches a person performs ...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Hati-hati metaphor literal vs scientific: footprint dalam sains lingkungan = jumlah dampak (dalam satuan terukur), bukan tapak kaki literal. Polanya sama dengan ecological footprint, water footprint, plastic footprint -- semuanya = total impact terukur, bukan jejak fisik. B tepat karena carbon footprint = total gas rumah kaca yang diemisikan langsung/tidak langsung oleh individu/organisasi/produk dalam periode tertentu, diukur dalam tonnes CO2-equivalent (tCO2e). Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Memaknai 'footprint' secara harfiah (tapak sepatu di salju), padahal ini metafora ilmiah. - C: Wilayah geografis km2 pabrik bukan definisi jejak karbon; jejak karbon mengukur emisi, bukan luas area. - D: Biaya finansial pemasangan panel surya tidak ada hubungannya dengan ukuran emisi. - E: Jumlah pencarian internet sama sekali tidak mengukur emisi gas rumah kaca. Tips: Hati-hati metaphor literal vs scientific: footprint dalam sains lingkungan = jumlah dampak (dalam satuan terukur), bukan tapak kaki literal. Polanya sama dengan ecological footprint, water footprint, plastic footprint -- semuanya = total impact terukur, bukan jejak fisik. Rincian jawaban B: The total amount of greenhouse gases -- usually measured in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (tCO₂e) -- emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, household, organisation, or product over a defined period through activities such as energy use, transport, and consumption

SOAL 3

Read the passage carefully: The Paris Agreement and Indonesia's Climate Commitment The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted in 2015 by 196 parties at COP21 in Paris and entering into force on 4 November 2016. Its central goal is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 derajatC above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 derajatC, recognising that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change. Indonesia signed the Paris Agreement on 22 April 2016 and ratified it through regulasi yang berlaku, making the agreement domestically binding under Indonesian law. As part of its commitment, Indonesia submits Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the UNFCCC every five years, outlining its emission-reduction targets and adaptation plans. Which statement best captures the central goal of the Paris Agreement as described in the passage?

  1. A. To require all 196 parties to abolish fossil-fuel use immediately and exclusively from the year 2016 onwards
  2. B. To impose financial penalties on countries that fail to plant a specified number of trees each year
  3. C. To hold global warming well below 2 derajatC above pre-industrial levels and pursue a 1.5 derajatC limit ✓ Jawaban benar
  4. D. To establish a single global carbon-pricing mechanism that overrides all national sovereign decisions on energy policy
  5. E. To replace all national greenhouse-gas inventories with a single United Nations-managed reporting system
Pembahasan

Konsep inti: Menemukan tujuan sentral (main idea) Paris Agreement yang dinyatakan eksplisit dalam passage. Kenapa jawaban C benar: C tepat karena passage menyebut langsung: menahan kenaikan suhu rata-rata global well below 2 derajatC dan mengupayakan batas 1.5 derajatC di atas level pra-industri. Tips: Cari angka kunci yang dikutip persis: 2 derajatC (well below) + 1.5 derajatC (pursue efforts) = jawabannya.

SOAL 4

Read four sentence-pairs below. Which pair uses a conjunction of contrast that is most typical of a discussion-text argument balancing one side against another?

  1. A. Indonesia signed the Paris Agreement in 2016. Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement through regulasi yang berlaku. (sequential, not contrastive)
  2. B. Solar panels are increasingly affordable. Solar panels can reduce household electricity bills. (additive, not contrastive)
  3. C. The 2015 Paris COP took place in Paris. The agreement was named after the city. (causal-restatement, not contrastive)
  4. D. Nuclear power emits no carbon in operation. On the other hand, radioactive-waste storage raises long-term concerns. (contrastive) ✓ Jawaban benar
  5. E. Indonesia has 270 million people. Indonesia has 17,000 islands. (parallel descriptive facts, not contrastive)
Pembahasan

Konsep: Mengenali konjungsi kontras yang menjadi tulang punggung argumen dua sisi pada discussion text. Langkah penyelesaian: Concept: Conjunction Map untuk discussion text: - Contrast/Counter (sisi pro vs kontra): however, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, while, whereas - Concession (mengakui sisi lawan): although, despite, even though - Addition (mendukung di satu sisi): moreover, furthermore, in addition, also Discussion text selalu memakai conjunction kategori 1 (kontras) sebagai backbone struktur. Steps: (1) Identify the text type, genre, or language feature being asked about (2) Recall the definition, structure, or key characteristics of that text type (3) Match your recall against the given options and select the most accurate one Correct answer: D -- Conjunctions of contrast (kontras) typical untuk discussion text: - however, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, nevertheless, on the contrary, yet, while, whereas Pilihan D menampilkan on the other hand yang kanonik untuk discussion text -- secara eksplisit menempatkan dua dimensi yang counter-balance: (sisi 1) tidak ada emisi langsung saat operasi, (sisi 2) penyimpanan limbah radioaktif jangka panjang. Inilah balanced two-sided pattern discussion. Why other options are wrong: - A: Incorrect genre identification -- this option (*Indonesia signed the Paris Agreement in 2016. Ind...) does not match the text evidence. - B: Misidentifies the structural element -- this option (*Solar panels are increasingly affordable. Solar p...) does not match the text evidence. - C: Incorrectly identifies the language feature -- this option (*The 2015 Paris COP took place in Paris. The agree...) does not match the text evidence. - E: Misinterprets the word or phrase meaning -- this option (*Indonesia has 270 million people. Indonesia has 1...) does not match the text evidence. Tip: Conjunction Map untuk discussion text: - Contrast/Counter (sisi pro vs kontra): however, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, while, whereas - Concession (mengakui sisi lawan): although, despite, even though - Addition (mendukung di satu sisi): moreover, furthermore, in addition, also Discussion text selalu memakai conjunction kategori 1 (kontras) sebagai backbone struktur. D tepat karena menggunakan 'on the other hand', konjungsi kontras kanonik yang menyeimbangkan dua sisi (tanpa emisi langsung vs. limbah radioaktif jangka panjang). Mengapa opsi lain salah: - A: Hubungan dua kalimat bersifat sekuensial (signed lalu ratified), bukan kontras. - B: Hubungannya aditif (dua manfaat panel surya yang saling menambah), bukan kontras. - C: Hubungannya restatement/kausal (kota Paris -> nama perjanjian), bukan mempertentangkan dua sisi. - E: Dua fakta deskriptif paralel (jumlah penduduk dan pulau) tanpa pertentangan. Tips: Conjunction Map untuk discussion text: - Contrast/Counter (sisi pro vs kontra): however, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, while, whereas - Concession (mengakui sisi lawan): although, despite, even though - Addition (mendukung di satu sisi): moreover, furthermore, in addition, also Discussion text selalu memakai conjunction kategori 1 (kontras) sebagai backbone struktur. Rincian jawaban D: Nuclear power produces no direct carbon emissions during operation. On the other hand, the long-term storage of radioactive waste raises concerns that may persist for thousands of years. (canonical contrastive conjunction)

SOAL 5

Of the four units in BSE 'Life Today' Kelas XII, only one uses a balanced two-sided structure that requires students to present arguments for and arguments against before drawing a conclusion. Which unit is it, and what is the intended pedagogical reason for placing it as the final unit of the textbook?

  1. A. Unit 1 (narrative on renewable energy), placed first because students naturally master balanced argument structures earlier than narrative structures
  2. B. Unit 2 (argumentative on e-money), placed first because two-sided argument is foundational to all later genre work
  3. C. Unit 3 (hortatory on netiquette), placed first because hortatory is a pre-requisite for any reading task
  4. D. All four units are equally two-sided in structure; they differ only in topic, not in genre demand
  5. E. Unit 4, placed at the end because discussion text is the most cognitively demanding of the four genres ✓ Jawaban benar
Pembahasan

Konsep inti: Posisi discussion text sebagai genre paling kompleks sehingga ditempatkan di akhir buku (hierarki kesulitan genre). Kenapa jawaban E benar: E tepat: Unit 4 (discussion/carbon footprints) ditaruh di akhir karena paling menuntut kognitif (riset dua sisi, menimbang bukti, simpulan seimbang), membangun dari skill satu sisi di Unit 2 (argumentative) dan Unit 3 (hortatory). Tips: Hierarki genre SMA: narrative < ... < argumentative < hortatory < discussion; yang dua sisi seimbang = discussion (Unit 4, paling akhir).

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